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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Optical theorem ： ウィキペディア英語版 Optical theorem In physics, the optical theorem is a general law of wave scattering theory, which relates the forward scattering amplitude to the total cross section of the scatterer. It is usually written in the form :$\backslash sigma\_\backslash mathrm=\backslash frac~\backslash mathrm\backslash ,f(0),$ where f(0) is the scattering amplitude with an angle of zero, that is, the amplitude of the wave scattered to the center of a distant screen, and ''k'' is the wave vector in the incident direction. Because the optical theorem is derived using only conservation of energy, or in quantum mechanics from conservation of probability, the optical theorem is widely applicable and, in quantum mechanics, $\backslash sigma\_\backslash mathrm$ includes both elastic and inelastic scattering. Note that the above form is for an incident plane wave; a more general form discovered by Werner Heisenberg can be written :$\backslash mathrm~f(\backslash bold\})=\backslash frac\backslash int\; f(\backslash bold\}\text{'}\text{'})f(\backslash bold\})~d\backslash bold\{\backslash hat\{k\}\}\text{'}\text{'}.$ Notice that as a natural consequence of the optical theorem, an object that scatters any light at all ought to have a nonzero forward scattering amplitude. However, the physically observed field in the forward direction is a sum of the scattered and incident fields, which may add to zero. == History == The optical theorem was originally discovered independently by Wolfgang von Sellmeier and Lord Rayleigh in 1871. Lord Rayleigh recognized the forward " TITLE="scattering amplitude in terms of the index of refraction as :$n\; =\; 1+2\backslash pi\; \backslash frac,$ (where N is the number density of scatterers) which he used in a study of the color and polarization of the sky. The equation was later extended to quantum scattering theory by several individuals, and came to be known as the Bohr–Peierls–Placzek relation after a 1939 publication. It was first referred to as the Optical Theorem in print in 1955 by Hans Bethe and Frederic de Hoffmann, after it had been known as a "well known theorem of optics" for some time. ">scattering amplitude in terms of the index of refraction as :$n\; =\; 1+2\backslash pi\; \backslash frac,$ (where N is the number density of scatterers) which he used in a study of the color and polarization of the sky. The equation was later extended to quantum scattering theory by several individuals, and came to be known as the Bohr–Peierls–Placzek relation after a 1939 publication. It was first referred to as the Optical Theorem in print in 1955 by Hans Bethe and Frederic de Hoffmann, after it had been known as a "well known theorem of optics" for some time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Optical theorem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.